正弦波纹挡板式沉降器内流动特性

采用VOF模型对正弦波纹式入口挡板的重力非均相沉降器内流场进行数值模拟研究。对比了正弦波纹挡板与平挡板的平均流场分布情况，分析了沉降器的轴向流速均一程度（λ₁）随时间演化特性，探究了λ₁和面积加权平均湍流强度（I_a）在沉降器内空间分布特性；引入流场均稳指标USC，研究了冲击间距（L_b/D）对USC的影响。结果表明：正弦波纹挡板作为入口构件可以有效降低返混。在0.84＜L_b/D＜2.17范围内，正弦波纹板沉降器内流场的均一程度整体高于平面挡板；随着L_b/D减小，平挡板沉降器内流场的λ₁基本不变，但正弦波纹挡板沉降器内流场的λ₁降低，且对I_a的影响不明显。对比平挡板，正弦波纹挡板可以有效降低轴向速度的梯度，使返混区面积减小，流场稳定性提高。随着L_b/D增加，USC值呈现多峰值趋势，L_b/D=2.17时正弦波纹板沉降器的USC取得极大值为14.68，较平挡板提高了93.67%。     

预弯对10MW级风力机叶片气动特性的影响

为分析预弯处理对10 MW级风力机叶片气动特性的影响,以DTU 10 MW风力机为例,采用CFD数值模拟方法,研究均匀来流不同风速下风力机的输出功率,并与BEM计算结果进行对比。同时,对比分析直叶片和预弯叶片风力机的功率特性、沿展向出力分布、沿展向不同截面翼型的流动特性。研究结果表明,直叶片各截面翼型的压力差较预弯叶片的大,做功能力较强。预弯通过对叶片的三维流动产生扰动,进而影响风力机的输出功率,且主要体现在叶片展向70%~90%的位置。研究成果可为风力机叶片气动性能的设计与优化提供参考。     

超深层挡水放空洞复杂体型高速水流水力特性数值模拟

针对某水电站超深层挡水放空洞复杂体型,利用3D紊流数值模拟方法,采用VOF方法追踪自由水面,对泄流能力、沿程水面线、流速、压强等水力特性进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明,该放空洞结构泄流能力满足设计要求,设计体型基本合理,有压洞转弯段出现严重的偏流,需对该段体型进行优化;弧形闸室后部两侧突扩结构最小负压0.1MPa,结构易发生空化空蚀,建议减小突扩结构尺寸,延长侧墙长度,尽量减小侧墙坡度;消能工段出口底板部位最小负压为0.1MPa,建议取消挑坎末端水平段,使水流直接挑出。     

Reliability analysis for mine blast performance based on delay type and firing time

Mining blasts may be defined as the use of explosive charges in a controlled manner by following a tightly controlled timing sequence according to an assigned firing order. Changes of timing between charges may result in an altered firing order and failure of the blasting sequence, which can cause high vibration levels, poor fragmentation, and/or an undesirable rock mass movement direction. Despite the importance of timing in determining mine blast results, there exists a lack of methodologies or tools with which to assess performance of a complete blast based on delay type and timing sequence. This document applies reliability engineering principles to evaluate the performance of a mine blast. The analyses are based on test results of the accuracy and precision of electronic and pyrotechnic detonators for typical firing times used in a surface coal mine, but may be applied to a variety of mines and timing scenarios.     

高速齿轮箱迷宫密封泄漏量正交仿真试验优化

以某型号高速动车组传动齿轮箱大齿轮电机端的迷宫密封结构为研究对象,运用Fluent建立带有扩散空腔的迷宫密封二维轴对称有旋流动模型,对迷宫密封泄漏量进行模拟仿真,指出现有结构存在密封间隙略大、齿顶角度较大、空腔深度较浅的不足。采用Design-expert 8.0软件设计仿真方案,通过分析密封间隙、齿形角度、密封齿数、密封空腔深度及传动轴转速对迷宫密封泄漏量的影响,得到一组使泄漏量最低的最优参数。结果表明:单因素对迷宫密封泄漏量影响的强弱顺序依次为密封间隙、空腔深度、齿数、角度,转速对泄漏量几乎没有影响;交互作用影响因素中,密封间隙和空腔深度对泄漏量影响大于密封间隙和齿数。通过重新建模仿真验证了利用Design-Expert 8.0软件设计迷宫密封泄漏量仿真试验方案和进行迷宫密封参数优化是可行的。     

Local body cooling to improve sleep quality and thermal comfort in a hot environment

The effects of local body cooling on thermal comfort and sleep quality in a hot environment were investigated in an experiment with 16 male subjects. Sleep quality was evaluated subjectively, using questionnaires completed in the morning, and objectively, by analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals that were continuously monitored during the sleeping period. Compared with no cooling, the largest improvement in thermal comfort and sleep quality was observed when the back and head (neck) were both cooled at a room temperature of 32°C. Back cooling alone also improved thermal comfort and sleep quality, although the effects were less than when cooling both back and head (neck). Mean sleep efficiency was improved from 84.6% in the no cooling condition to 95.3% and 92.8%, respectively, in these conditions, indicating good sleep quality. Head (neck) cooling alone slightly improved thermal comfort and subjective sleep quality and increased Stage N3 sleep, but did not otherwise improve sleep quality. The results show that local cooling applied to large body sections (back and head) could effectively maintain good sleep and improve thermal comfort in a hot environment.     

Research on optimization design of PWR flow distribution device based on numerical simulation

ABSTRACT

In the lower chamber of pressurized water reactor (PWR), the flow distribution device is the core module to distribute coolant into the core. It has complex structure and numerous design parameters. Therefore, it has important theoretical and practical significance to optimize the device. The mesh independence verification, turbulence model selection, and data processing all can influence the numerical simulation results of the lower chamber, in order to research the influence, a numerical simulation method based on the original model of CNP1000 reactor lower chamber is proposed in this paper. In the method, an optimization design method of flow distribution device is established based on surrogate model. The main design variables and optimization objectives are determined based on the device’s structure and function characteristics. And then it respectively adopts Kriging algorithm and multi-objective genetic algorithm to establish a surrogate model of flow distribution device and optimize it globally. Finally, the optimal design variables are obtained. Compared with the device’s performance before optimization, the after optimization has smaller total pressure loss and more uniform flow. The effectiveness and practicability of proposed optimization design method can be verified.     

测量二次电子空间分布特征矩阵法的有效性分析

为了准确测量不同材料在实际环境中的二次电子空间分布，设计了一种新型的二次电子发射空间分布测量结构，给出了实验测量原理，用求解特征矩阵的方法对实验结果进行处理，得到了所需的二次电子空间分布。通过模拟计算对该测量方法进行了校验，模拟结果与假设二次电子空间分布函数相吻合，表明该测量方法可靠、测量精度高，为后续样机研制奠定了理论基础。